Deterministic and stochastic effects in spreading dynamics: A case study of bovine viral diarrhea

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a disease in cattle with complex transmission dynamics that causes substantial economic losses and affects animal welfare. The infection can be transient or persistent. mostly asymptomatic persistently infected hosts are the main source for of virus. This characteristic makes it difficult to control spreading BVD. We develop deterministic compartmental model BVD within herd derive basic reproduction number. epidemiological quantity indicates identification removal animals successful strategy if rate transiently small. Removing from at birth results recurrent outbreaks decreasing peak prevalence. propose stochastic version includes stochasticity parameters. leads sustained oscillations cases where predicts amplitude. provide useful information design strategies.